The Beginning Institute of Forensic Medicine in Prague dates back to 1785, when the the Chair of Forensic and Police Medicine in Prague was established. Initially here lectured by external professors from the same textbooks as at the German universities. He was the first to start lecturing forensic medicine in Czech and also published in the Journal of Czech Physicians in 1864 by Prof. Eduard von Hofman (1837–1897).
When she was in 1882, the then Charles-Ferdinand University was divided into the Czech and German, he was appointed extraordinary and in 1886 full professor of forensic medicine at the Czech University in Prague, MUDr. Reinsberg (1844–1930), an excellent general practitioner and scientist who he worked at the universities of Strasbourg and Heidelberg. A full 23 years (1883–1908) he was the head of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Czech Medical Faculty, which at that time it was located in Kateřinská Street. In 1896, prof. Reinsberg elected dean of the Czech Faculty of Medicine and in 1899 he also became rector of the Czech part of the Charles-Ferdinand University. He published a textbook of forensic medicine in four volumes.
In 1908 was appointed full professor and head of the Institute of Forensic Medicine MUDr. Slavík (1866–1933). During his tenure, the institute relocated to the newly built building of the Hlava Institute in the then Preslov, now Studničkova Street, where It is still located today. Prof. Slavík also repeatedly became the dean of the Faculty of Medicine and then the rector of Charles University.
 Prof. Eduard Hofman |
 MUDr. Josef Reinsberg |
 MUDr. Vladimír Slavík |
 Prof. František Hájek |
From 1933 to 1957 the head of the institute was prof. František Hájek (1886–1962), who wrote, among other things, the most extensive textbook of forensic medicine to date and he was also the dean of the Faculty of Medicine.
His successor was from 1957 to 1983 Prof. MUDr. Jaromír Tesař, DrSc. (1912–2004). Published by a number of scientific papers. He enjoyed great recognition for his contribution to justice as a sought-after forensic expert. He was the author of a number of forensic medical writings for doctors and lawyers, of which the works Forensic Medicine from the period the years 1968–1976 are the most extensive.
In the years from 1983 to 1986 the institute was headed by Dr. Jiří Sobotka, whose focus was especially forensic serology.
Since 1986 until 2012, the head was prof. MUDr. Přemysl Strejc, DrSc., who still works at the institute as an expert consultant and is the chairman of the of the Academic Senate of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University. In 1999, the Institute was merged with the Institute for toxicology and forensic chemistry. This is how the current Institute of Forensic Medicine was established and toxicology of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General University Hospital.
Since 2012 until 2018, the institute was headed by doc. MUDr. Alexander Pilin, CSc. Here he continues to work as a deputy to the current head of the forensic medical part Institute.
Since 2018 until 2025, the institute was headed by doc. RNDr. Radomír Čabala Dr., who was At the same time, he was the head of the toxicological part of the institute.
From 1.1.2026, the toxicological part of the institute was separated and two separate Institute – Institute of Forensic Medicine of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General Hospital, headed by MUDr. Toupalík, Ph.D. and the Institute of Clinical and Forensic Toxicology of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General Hospital, which is also led by toxicologist doc. RNDr. Radomír Čabala Dr.
 Prof. MUDr. Jaromír Tesař, DrSc. |
 Prof. MUDr. Přemysl Strejc, DrSc. |
 doc. MUDr. Alexander Pilin, CSc. |
 doc. RNDr. Radomír Čabala Dr. |
 MUDr. Pavel Toupalík, Ph.D. |